2017年下半年初中英语学科知识与能力真题

一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分)

请阅读 Passage1,完成第21-25小题。
Self-driving vehicles threaten to send truck drivers to the unemployment office. Computer programs can now write journalistic accounts of sporting events and stock price movements. There are even computers that can grade essay exams with reasonable accuracy, which could revolutionize my own job. Increasingly, machines are providing not only the brawn but the brains, too. And that raises the question of where humans fit into this picture-who will prosper and who won’t in this new kind of machine economy?
Within five years we are likely to have the world’s best education, or close to it, online and free. But not everyone will sit down and go through the material without a professor pushing them to do the work.
Your smartphone will record data on your life and, when asked, will tell you what to do, drawing on data from your home or from your spouse and friends if need be. “You’ve thrown out that bread the last three times you’ve bought it, give it a pass” will be a text message of the future. How about “Now is not the time to start another argument with your wife”? The GPS is just the beginning of computer-guided instruction. Take your smartphone on a date, and it might vibrate in your pocket to indicate “Kiss her now.” If you hesitate for fear of being seen as pushy, it may write: “Who cares if you look bad? You are sampling optimally in the quest for a lifetime companion.”
A lot of jobs will consist of making people feel either very good or very bad about themselves. Coaches, mentors and disciplinarians will spread to many areas of life, at least for those of us who can stand to listen to them. These people will cajole us, flatter us and shame us into improving our lives, our work habits and our consumption.
Computing and software will make it easier to measure performance and productivity.
It will be harder to gloss over our failings and maintain self-deception. In essence everyone will suffer the fate of professional chess players, who will always know when they have lost a game, have an exact numerical rating for their overall performance, and find excuses for failure hard to come by.
Individuals will have many measures of their proficiency. They will have an incentive to disclose that information to get the better job or social opportunity. You’ll assume the worst about those who keep secrets, and so openness will reign. Many of us will start to hate the idea of Big Data.

请阅读 Passage2,完成第26~-30小题。
Teacher education provided by U.S. colleges and universities has been routinely criticized since its inception in the early nineteenth century, sometimes deservedly. These programs, like non-university programs, are uneven in quality and can be improved. What makes today’s criticisms different is an aggressive effort by advocacy groups, and self-proclaimed educational entrepreneurs to deregulate the preparation of teachers, and to expand independent, alternative routes into teaching.
This effort to “disrupt” the field of teacher preparation in the United States has gained considerable momentum and legitimacy, with venture capitalists, philanthropy, and the U.S. Department of Education all providing sponsorship and substantial funding.
The strength of this effort is that the United States may quickly seek to dismantle its university system and replace much of it with independent, private programs. The resulting system of teacher preparation may differ dramatically in its government, structure, content, and processes moving away from its current location alongside legal, medical, and other professional preparation that pairs academic degrees with professional training.
Throughout the nation, states are reporting teacher shortages in particular subject areas and geographical locations, and several states have either passed legislation to lower the standards for becoming a teacher or, like the state of Washington, have looked toward expanding the number of teacher education providers to try to fill teaching vacancies. The federal government has contributed to the push to lower standards for becoming a teacher with the Teacher Preparation Academy provision in the new K-12 education law, the Evey Student Succeeds Act, which encourages states to expand the number of independent programs not associated with colleges and universities.
Because of the increasing tuition rates, a consequence in part, of cuts in funding to public universities that continue to educate most U.S. teachers, enrollments in college and university teacher education programs have declined in many parts of the country. Independent teacher education programs are being viewed by some as an important part of the solution in staffing the nation’s classrooms and addressing our serious and enduring problems in education inequities. Additionally, advocacy groups, philanthropists, and so-called education entrepreneurs are working aggressively to expand these independent altemative routes into teaching.
Given the seriousness of the teacher shortage problem in the United States and the substantial media attention that has been given to independent teacher education programs as the solution to teacher shortages and education inequities, policy makers should very carefully examine the evidence that exists about the nature and impact of these relatively new programs that are rapidly expanding while university teacher education enrollments decline.

二、简答题（本答题1小题，20分）

三、教学情境分析提（本大题1小题，30分）

四、教学设计题（本大题1小题，40分）