初中英语学科知识与能力模拟测试十

一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题,每小题2分,共60分)
在每小题列出的四个备选项中选择一个最佳答案,错选、多选或未选均无分。

请阅读 Passage1,完成第21~25小题。
    It's one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has never seen a cat before, it is still able to detect chemical signals released from the cat and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wired into a mouse's brain.
    But now Wendy Ingram, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, has challenged this common sense. She has found a way to"cure" mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite, reported the science journal Nature.
    The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the shocking fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans, especially pregnant women it is linked to blindness and the death of unborn babies.
    However, the parasite's effects on mice are unique. Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat's urine before and after it was infected by the parasite. They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the test area.
    But thats not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally thought-even after researchers cured the mice of the infection. They no longer reacted with fear to a cat's smell which could indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice's brains.
Why does a parasite change a mouse's brain instead of making It sick like it does to humans?The answer lies in evolution
    It's exciting scary to know how a parasite can manipulate a mouse's brain this way, Ingram said. But she also finds it inspiring. Typically if you have a bacterial infection, you go to a doctor and take antibiotics and the infection is cleared and you expect all the symptoms to also go away.” She said,but this study has proven that wrong." This may have huge implications for infectious disease medicine.”

请阅读 Passage2,完成第26-30小题。
    Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge of environmental claims made by household products, according to a"green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday.
    Among the report's more outrageous findings, a German fertilizer described itself as "earthworm friendly"; a brand of flour said it was"non-polluting and a British toilet paper tally friendlier”
    The study was written and researched by Britains National Consumer Council (NCC)for lobby group Consumer International. It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.
    “While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,"said Consumers International director Anna Fielder.
    The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain, Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average.
    The report focused on claims made by specific products, such as detergent insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization(ISO)in September, 1999.
Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.
    Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly,but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing, said report researcher Philip Page.
    “Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners were second with 145 separate claims, while paints were third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading. ”he said.
    The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as"environmentally friendly and"non-polluting cannot be verified. "What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO. said Page.

二、简答题(本大题1小题,20分)
根据题目要求完成下列任务,用中文作答。

三、教学情境分析题(本大题1小题,30分)
根据题目要求完成下列任务,用中文作答。

四、教学设计题(本大题1小题,40分)
根据提供的信息和语言素材设计教学方案,用英文作答。