初中英语学科知识与能力模拟测试四

一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题,每小题2分,共60分)
在每小题列出的四个备选项中选择一个最佳答案,错选、多选或未选均无分。

请阅读 Passage1,完成第21~25小题。
    A simple piece of rope hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and their neighbors. On one side stand those who have begun to see clothes dryers as wasteful consumers of energy (up to 6% of total electricity) and powerful emitters of carbon dioxide(up to a ton of CO2, per household every year). As an alternative. they are turning to clotheslines as part of what Alexander Lee, an environmentalist, calls “what-I-can-do environmentalism”.
    But on the other side are people who oppose air-drying laundry outside on aesthetic grounds.Increasingly, they have persuaded community and homeowners associations(HOAs) across the U.S to ban outdoor clotheslines, which they say not only look unsightly but also lower surrounding property values. Those actions, in turn, have sparked a right-to-dry movement that is pressing for legislation to protect the choice to use clotheslines. Only three states--Florida, Hawaii and Utah—have laws written broadly enough to protect clotheslines, Right-to-dry advocates argue that there should be more.
    Matt Reck is the kind of eco-conscious guy who feeds his trees with bathwater and recycles condensation drops from his air conditioners to water plants. His family also uses a clothesline. But Otto Hagen, president of Reck's HOA in Wake Forest, N.C., notified him that a neighbor had complained about his line. The Recks ignored the warning and still dry their clothes on a rope in the yard. Many people claim to be environmentally friendly but don't take matters into their own hands, says Reck. HOAs Hagen has decided to hold off taking action."I'm not going to go crazy,”he says. "But if Matt keeps his line and more neighbors complain. I'll have to address it again."
    North Carolina lawmakers tried and failed earlier this year to insert language into an energy bill that would expressly prevent HOAs from regulating clotheslines. But the issue remains a touchy one with HOAs and real estate agents. Most aesthetic restrictions are rooted, to a degree, in the belief that homogeneous exteriors are supportive of property value, says Sara Stubbins, executive director of the Community Association Institute's North Carolina chapter. In other words, associations worry that housing prices will fall if prospective buyers think their would-be neighbors are too poor to afford dryers.
    Alexander Lee dismisses the notion that clotheslines devalue property assets, advocating that the idea needs to change in light of global warming"."We all have to do at least something to decrease our carbon footprint, ”Alexander Lee says.

    People often complained about not getting"a good night's sleep", but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well, while others survive on only a few hours. Still, most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times, people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours, waking up, then going back to sleep.
    Before the 18th century, people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire, candles, or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period,you might be a hard-working farmer, and you would come home, eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9: 00 or 10: 00 P. M. In this first period of sleep—called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.
    Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch, or watching period. When you came out of first sleep, you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow,meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream, or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing, you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.
    Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight。
    Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern, Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly,natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other cientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6: 00 P. M. to 8: 00 A M.). At first,the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two, and then slept again for four hours till early morning.
    Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping"problem,, but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping. A first sleep followed by a relaxation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.

二、简答题(本大题1小题,20分)
根据题目要求完成下列任务,用中文作答。

三、教学情境分析题(本大题1小题,30分)
根据题目要求完成下列任务,用中文作答。

四、教学设计题(本大题1小题,40分)
根据提供的信息和语言素材设计教学方案,用英文作答。