专插本《公共英语》模拟测试四

Part I Vocabulary and Structure (35%)

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (20 %)
Directions ： In this part，there are four passages, each of which is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Parage1
To preserve food, the growth of bacteria(細菌）must be controlled.Water, warmth, and food are all needed for bacteria to become strong and healthy. Some kinds of bacteria need air, but other kinds grow only when air is absent. Extremes of temperature, either hot or cold, can kill bacteria.
Before electric ice-boxes were invented, freezing and cooling were limited by the cold climate. In warmer regions, food was cooled by putting it in the shade, in cold water from the well, or in pits (坑)in the ground.
Cooking will usually kill bacteria if the temperature is high enough and the high temperature lasts long enough. Certain methods of cooking remove water, and this aids in preserving food.Drying is the oldest and most common method of preserving food.Food can be dried by the sun, by heat or by combination of the two.
Salt was used by many hunting people. When people began to eat vegetables, salt became a needed part of their life. Salt helps to preserve food because it slows or stops bacteria to grow. Other chemicals besides salt are used in preserving food.Some people oppose the use of chemicals in food.They say that these chemicals may harm people if the chemicals can harm bacteria.

Passage2
Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we do know.
First, we know that all men in the world have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language. And, in historical times, there has never been a race of men without a language.
Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many peoples whose cultures are undeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive. In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood； indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive way. Study has proved this to be nonsense. There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with, but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.
A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.
Finally, we know that language changes. It is natural and normal for language to change; the only languages which do not change are the dead ones. This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language. Grammatical features change as do speech sounds, and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

Passage 3
The English have the reputation of being very different from all other nationalities. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the reasons, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed some attitudes and habits distinguishing him from other nationalities.
Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, and reserved person among people he knows well. Before strangers he often seems inhibited, even embarrassed.You have only to witness a railway compartment any morning or evening to see the truth. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing(打盹）in a comer, and no one speaks. An English wit once suggested to overseas visitors, “ On entering a railway compartment shake hands with all the passengers. ” Needless to say, he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior, which, if broken, makes the person immediately the object of suspicion.
It is well known that the English seldom show openly extremes of enthusiasm，emotion etC.Of course, Englishman feels no less than any other nationality. Imagine a man commenting on the great beauty of a young girl. A man of more emotional temperament might describe her as “a marvelous jewel”，while the Englishman will flatly state “Um, she’s all right•，’ An Englishman may recommend a highly successful and enjoyable film to friends by commenting, “It’s not ba
d.” The overseas visitors must not be disappointed by this apparent lack of interest. They must realize that“all right”，“not bad” are very often used with the sense of “first class”，“excellent”. This special use of language is particularly common in English.

Passage 4
When you were looking for a reliable, honest auto mechanic, how did you find him? Before you went into that restaurant you recently tried, how did you know that it served great food? If you’ relike most everyone on the planet, you want to lower your risk of a big ugly surprise soyou askedpeople you trust to refer you to a business they trust.
We all rely on our friends and associates to recommend going—or not going—to aparticular business. Marketers call this friend-to-friend endorsement (认可) of a business “ word-of-mouth advertising”. It is the most powerful form of advertising. It is also the most difficult to create.
When you do a great job for your customers or a rotten job，people are going to talk about your business. Unfortunately, because we humans seem to feel negative emotions more intensely than positive ones，we’re more inclined to tell more of our mends about bad experiences with a business than positive ones. Understand this： customers believe their own experience. You can’t make them believe that your company is wonderful when they felt they were treated badly.
So,to get positive word-of-mouth going for your business, especially from your demanding customers in thisservice-based economy, you’ve got to do a really outstanding job.For everyone, consistently.
And when you do, you build a great reputation. That takes time. But it forges a bond with your customers and prospective customers in a way that no slick advertising campaign，and no promotional coupon(优惠券）ever could
The good news is that because there are so many different businesses chasing after your customers ’ money，people want to know who they can trust. So people are going to be talking about you. Create a free sales force for your business—an army of delighted customer who tell everyone they know how good your company is to do business with. That’s a great antidote (解毒剂）to defection.

Part Ⅲ Cloze(10%)
Directions ： There are20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices.
Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Children model themselves largely on their parents. They do so mainly through identification. Children identify 56 a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are 57 of that parent. The things parents do and say and the 58 they do and say to them,therefore strongly influence a child’s 59 However, parents must consistently behave like the type of 60 they want their child to become.
A parent’s actions 61 affect the self-image that a child forms 62 identification. Children who see mainly positive qualities in their 63 will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way. Children who observe chiefly 64 qualities in their parents will have difficulty 65 positive qualities in themselves. Children may 66 their self-image, however, as they become increasingly 67 by peers groups, standards before they grow up.
Isolated events, 68 dramatic ones, do not necessarily have a permanent 69 on a child’s behavior. Children interpret such events according to their established attitudes and previous training. Children who know they are loved can, for 70，accept the divorce of their parents，or a parent, s early 71 But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events 72 a sign of rejection or punishment.
In the same way, all children are not influenced 73 by toys and games, reading matter, and television programs. 74 in the case of a dramatic change in family relations, the effect of an activity or experience depends on how the child 75 it.

Part IV Writing( 15%)
Directions ： This part is to test your practical writing ability. You are required to write a note asking for sick leave according to the information given in Chinese. Your writing should contain at least 100 words. Write it on the Answer Sheet.