2017年成人高考专升本《英语》考试真题

21(阅读理解题)Directions:For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
What enables some people to get big creative breakthroughs while others only get small and non-creative breakdowns,blaming themselves and society? Are some people " gifted " ? Are there other factors ______21______ work—factors that we have more control over than we think?
While nobody can deny the ______22______ that some people seem to be blessed with particular creativity,research shows that anyone can ______23______ their chances of coming up with new and original ideas ______24______ they would only engage themselves more in the process of ______25______ . It's the old Thomas Edison thing about "discovery ______26______ 99 percent perspiration (汗水)and 1 percent inspiration. " ______27______,the studies prove this : great creative breakthroughs usually happen only ______28______ intense periods of struggle. It is sustained effort towards a specific goal ______29______ eventually prepares for great creative insights.This kind of sustained effort does not always ______30______ immediate results, a fact that not only separates the innovators (革新者)from non-innovators, but ______31______ leads some people to conclude that it is just not ______32______ for them. " Maybe I should have gone to medical school like my mother wanted,"they wonder when the breakthrough is ______33______ to be found. Alas, one forgets during their inevitable encounters ______34______ self-doubt, that the big surprise is never ______35______ . Indeed, it can happen at any time and place.(30分)

22(阅读理解题)Directions : There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Debate is a valuable way to practise communicating. It can also bring long-lasting rewards, especially for people working with Western businesses. The main activity of debate is presenting one's opinion and supporting it with evidence, such as statistics or facts. It is a way of persuasive communication.
Charles Lebeau helped create the "Discover Debate" method. He says debate is important to understanding how people communicate in Western business. Successful debaters learn how to give their opinion, reasons and support. " What we are trying to do is to develop a kind of thinking or approach to discussion and how to interact (交流)with someone else,s opinion,rather than brush their opinion aside. "Debate skills are also important in selling a product,he says. In that situation,the judges are the customers. "So on Monday, for example, one company may come in and present their case to the customer and they'11 make as strong a case as they can. On Tuesday,the next day, another company will come in and present their case to the customer. Usually the party that can present the strongest case wins. "Debate also strengthens critical thinking. In other words,it helps students learn to ask questions and try to understand someone,s reasons and evidence.Mr. Lebeau points out that successful debaters learn to listen carefully to what other people are saying. Then,they look for the weak points in someone else,s opinion or argument. He says debate teaches a systematic way of questioning.Successful debaters also learn to think from someone else,s point of view. Mr. Lebeau says debate can help broaden the mind. "There's an expression in English:don't criticize another person before you have walked in their shoes. I think the wonderful thing about debate is, it puts us in another person's shoes. "(12分)

23(阅读理解题)We all love a hero,and rescue dogs are some of the biggest heroes of all. You will often find them going above and beyond duty to save someone,risking—and at times losing—their lives in the process.Rescue dogs are generally found in the Sporting and Hunting Groups,or from the traditional Herding Group. These types include the Bloodhound, Labrador Retriever, Newfoundland, German Shepherd, Golden Retriever, and Belgian Malinois—all of which are chosen for search-and-rescue duty because of their amazing physical strength,loyalty,and their tendency for mental stability.These types also have a keen sense of hearing and smell—to better locate lost individuals—and are often able to access hard-to-reach areas. As highly trained animals,they serve in many different fields, including specialist search, snow slide rescue, dead body location, and tracking.To overcome obstacles and succeed when performing the demanding duties of a search-and-rescue worker, a dog must display certain qualities. In addition to intelligence and strength, the dog must be swift,confident,easily trainable,adaptable,and have a high level of stamina (耐力)and endurance. A strong sense of group cooperation and an ability to engage in friendly play during "down" time is also required of search -and -rescue dogs.A rescue dog goes through many,many hours of intensive training to be fit for duty. Training is not for the faint-hearted. Certification training can take from two to three years, working three to four hours a day, three to six days a week, often in group,team-oriented sessions.Each search-and-rescue field requires different types of training. Rescue training,for instance, includes "air scenting"—where dogs are trained to smell the air for the victim,s scent (气味)and then follow the scent to the person. This ability is crucial to finding victims trapped under collapsed buildings and snow slide.(12分)

24(阅读理解题)Eating an apple a day doesn't keep the doctor away,but it does reduce the amount of trips you make to the drug store per year. That's according to a new study that investigates whether there, s any truth in the old saying.A team of researchers led by Dr Matthew Davis,of the University of Michigan School of Nursing,asked 8,399 participants to answer survey questions about diet and health. A total of 753 were apple eaters,consuming at least 149g of raw apple per day. The remaining 7,646 were classed as non-apple eaters. When both groups answered questions on trips to the doctor and trips to the drug store per year,the apple eaters were found to be 27%less likely to visit the druggist for drugs.Trips to the doctor were not significantly affected by apple consumption, though. " Evidence does not support that an apple a day keeps the doctor away. However,the small number of US adults who eat an apple a day does appear to use fewer prescription medications," the study concludes.Apple eaters were also found to be less likely to smoke and be more likely to have a higher educational attainment than non-apple eaters. While apples do not compete with oranges, they do contain some immune (免疫的)system-increasing vitamin C, which may be why apple-eaters visit the druggist less. With over 8mg of vitamin C per medium-sized fruit, an apple can provide roughly 14% your daily recommended intake.Previous studies have also linked apple consumption to a lower risk of Type 2 diabetes (二型糖尿病),improved lung function and a lower risk of colon (结肠)cancer.(12分)

25(阅读理解题)Sometimes I scratch my head when I read about the government,s efforts to improve schools : new standards and tests to be applied,strict teacher evaluations,and threats of school closures and job losses. They frighten the school employees, not to mention the students. Instead of making people unable to solve problems or try new ideas—which is what fear does to us—research on school reform strongly suggests that policy-makers should encourage school leaders to take a more humane approach. In their study on the reform efforts of twelve Chicago public schools,Bryk and Schneider found that enabling positive social relationships between the adults was the key to successful school improvement and that trust was at the heart of those relationships.Trust in schools comes down to one thing:psychological safety or safety to speak one's mind,to discuss with openness and honesty what is and isn't working,to make collective decisions.Yet this kind of safety doesn't come easily to schools. According to Bryk and Schneider, the adults in school rely on each other to do their jobs correctly and with integrity (正直).The challenge is that our expectations are very diverse based on our unique backgrounds.At one school where I taught, each teacher had different expectations about how much extra effort teachers should put into their work—a big difference between the teachers who left after the last bell and those who worked into the evening. And when expectations are unconscious or unspoken, it becomes impossible for others to live up to them.We also make assumptions about the intentions behind a person,s behavior. As we all know, assumptions are often wrong. For example,parents and teachers may think the principal made a particular decision based on his career advancement rather than what,s best for the students. If we don't feel psychologically safe to question our assumptions and expectations,trust flies out the window and our relationships suffer.(12分)

26(阅读理解题)An interesting project called Blue Zones is recording the lifestyle secrets of the communities with the highest concentrations of centenarians in the world.The people in the five regions in Europe, Latin America, Asia and the US that live to be 100 have a lot going for them. Genes probably play a small role, but these folks also have strong social ties, tightly-knit families and lots of opportunities to exercise.As we were examining the dietary secrets of the Blue Zones, as described in author Dan Buettner's latest book,The Blue Zones Solution,we were struck by how essential tea drinking is in these regions. In fact,Buettner's Blue Zones Beverage Rule—a kind of guideline summarized from his 15 or so years of studying these places—is: "Drink coffee for breakfast,tea in the afternoon, wine at 5 p. m."Science has plenty to say about the healthful virtues of green tea. Researchers are most enthusiastic about the components in green tea, as well as foods like cocoa. Why might they help so many Okinawans in Japan break 100? Some components in green tea can lower the risk of stroke, heart disease and several cancers. One review study also found that drinking green tea can slightly improve metabolism (新陈代谢).If you find yourself on the island of Ikaria,the Greek Blue Zone in the middle of the Aegean, you won,t be offered any tea made with tea leaves. Instead,Ikarians typically make their daily cup of tea with just one fresh herb that they have picked themselves that day—either rosemary,wild sage, oregano, maqoram, mint or dandelion, all plants that may have anti-inflammatory (消炎的)properties, which may help lower blood pressure. This could explain Ikaria,s very low dementia (痴呆)rate, since high blood pressure is a risk factor for the disease.(12分)

27(阅读理解题)Pick out appropriate expressions from the eight choices below and complete the following dialogue by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Woman : Hello,Mr. Johnson s office. 
Man : Good morning. ______56______ ?
Woman : Sorry, he's in a meeting at the moment. ______57______ ?
Man:Yes. This is Steve Lee from Bright light Systems. ______58______ ?
Woman : Tomorrow afternoon in your office. 
Man: ______59______ .
Woman : Okay. ______60______ . 
Man : Thank you.
(15分)